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Physics (Aristotle)
The ''Physics'' (Greek: (unicode:Φυσικὴ ἀκρόασις) ''Phusike akroasis''; Latin: ''Physica'', or ''Physicae Auscultationes'', meaning "lectures on nature") of Aristotle is one of the foundational books of Western science and philosophy.〔"''Aristotle's ''Physics'' is the hidden, and therefore never adequately studied, foundational book of Western philosophy.''" (Emphasis in original; Martin Heidegger, "On the Essence and Concept of φὐσις in Aristotle's ''Physics'' Β, 1;" in ''Pathmarks'', ed. William McNeill (Cambridge University Press, 1998 ), 183–230; 185.)〕 As Martin Heidegger once wrote;
Bertrand Russell, however, says of ''Physics'' and ''On the Heavens'' that they were:
It is a collection of treatises or lessons that deal with the most general (philosophical) principles of natural or moving things, both living and non-living, rather than physical theories (in the modern sense) or investigations of the particular contents of the universe. The chief purpose of the work is to discover the principles and causes of (and not merely to describe) change, or movement, or motion (κίνησις ''kinesis''), especially that of natural wholes (mostly living things, but also inanimate wholes like the cosmos). In the conventional Andronicean ordering of Aristotle's works, it stands at the head of, as well as being foundational to, the long series of physical, cosmological and biological treatises, whose ancient Greek title, (unicode:τὰ φυσικά), means "the () on nature" or "natural philosophy".
== Books ==
The ''Physics'' is composed of eight books, which are further divided into chapters. In this article, books are referenced with Roman numerals, chapters with Arabic numerals. Additionally, the Bekker numbers give the page and line numbers used in the Prussian Academy of Sciences edition of Aristotle's works.
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